After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served . The British report noted of Kretschmer, "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. His brother was later killed in action. [80], On 1 December 1955, Kretschmer joined West Germany's navy, at the time named the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy), holding the rank of Fregattenkapitn (Commander). Kretschmer was born in Heidau near Neisse, then in the German Empire on 1 May 1912 to Friedrich Wilhelm Otto and Alice (ne Herbig) Kretschmer. This was not the case with U-99. Prien's reports were picked up by the Luftwaffe which sent Focke-Wulf Fw 200s from I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG4040th Bomber Wing) to attack the convoy. It was on his third patrol that he sank his first ship, the Glen Farg, a small freighter was carrying pulp and Ferrochrome. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried.". Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. OTTO and his L.I. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. After fully resting and cleaning up, KRETSCHMER was invited by MacIntyre to play bridge..with officers of some of the merchant ships that OTTO had just sunk! In the following, the amplitude of the wave vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination will be useful. All Rights Reserved. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. [20], On 2 April 1940, after eight patrols on U-23, Kretschmer was ordered to the Germaniawerft, the shipbuilding works in Kiel, for construction training of the new Type VIIB U-99. On 16 June 1956, he was tasked with the creation of 1. The officers were also taken to the prisoner-of-war camp at Grizedale Hall. In addition, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 26 December 1941. 3 binoculars included in this lot. Prien's demise was not disclosed. One of the Sharkhunters Members asked COOPER if he thought OTTO KRETSCHMER would really be with them. Studies in Marine Corps History and Amphibious Warfare, Studies in Naval History and Sea Power series. He was eventually promoted to the rank of flotilla admiral, before becoming chief-of-staff of the NATO command. Prepared by Stephen Ames. left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. Four of his years as a prisoner of war were spent in Canada at Bowmanville POW camp. The German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 began the war in Europe. The vast majority of Kretschmer's attacks - at least 83 - were launched on the surface. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. At the Indienststellung (commissioning) of U-99. Second World War (1939-1945) Awarded on: November 4th, 1940. [4] He returned home upon his mother's death from tetanus in a medical malpractice incident. Kretschmer was also involved in the Battle of Bowmanville. [24] Following this patrol, he received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse) on 17 December. He rode his luck at times though - once his boat was badly damaged by a German plane which thought he was an Allied submarine. You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with DevonLive's FREE newsletters enter your email address at the top of the page or go here. Only five of the 161-strong crew survived. Something went wrong, please try again later. The nomination was approved on 5 November 1940. OTTO KRETSCHMER indeed, was a fine man! He participated in the 2nd officers training course held at the former NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen. [71] Winston Churchill disclosed the capture of Kretschmer to the House of Commons on 21 March. When war broke out, Kretschmer was on U-23, a short-range submarine which could not operate as far as the Atlantic, so had to stay in the North Sea. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). He was on a holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he tried climbing some almost vertical steps. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. [61] As with the group that eventually sank Kretschmer ten days later, they were experienced and competent. [53] Upon reaching port, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. [5] He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (1 April 1930 30 June 1930). His nickname Silent Otto referred to his ability to remain undetected and his reluctance to provide the regular radio reports required by Dnitz: he had guessed that the Allies had broken German codes. He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. He became known as the Golden Horseshoe by his men. [19] A second patrol (921 September) yielded no success either. A single torpedo was fired, then Kretschmer ordered a u-turn and sped away on the surface; the destroyers neither sighted him nor detected him with ASDIC. [63] On 7 March Kretschmer sank two ships from the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken. He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. [42], Four days later Kretschmer began his eleventh patrol which concluded on 5 August. 8x40 model no. 176 men died. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. Karl Dnitz, Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote (BdU), ordered attacks on Allied shipping at sea, beginning the Battle of the Atlantic. Kretschmer was released from captivity on 31 December 1947, and returned to Germany. [Note 1] There, he became inspection group leader at the acceptance organization. Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. OTTO reached into the torrent, grabbed the lanyard and slammed the hatch but where was Schnee? Kretschmer was soon missed and the U-boat surfaced to find him before he succumbed to the cold. As U-99 returns from an early Feindfahrt, we see that the crew is neatly arranged (photo left) on the deck and there is no White Cap on the Skipper. [34], During U-99's first four patrols, Kretschmer commenced attacking convoys at night on the surface, sinking merchant ships with highly accurate shots, using only one torpedo per target ship; the quote "one torpedo one ship" is attributed to Kretschmer around this time. [43] Following his third war patrol with U-99, Kretschmer was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 4 August. were transferred off and sent to Commanders School so they could command their own boats and KRETSCHMER asked for battle experienced officers as replacements. Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. [77] Kretschmer was senior officer at the camp. The Emden made stops in Ceylon, the Philippines, China and Japan; then Guam, South Africa, Angola and Spain on the return journey. [18] Kretschmer served in this function until 18 June 1964 when he was appointed chief-of-staff of the Befehlshaber der Seestreitkrfte der Nordsee (German national Commander Naval Forces North Sea). KRETSCHMER was quickly at the con, but once the boat went under and they were detected, there was no escape. They fought Canadian troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses. This was the first ever in the history of warfare that a submarine was detected on sound gear, tracked by sound gear, attacked by sound gear and destroyed all by the use of the sound gear. Two days later on 5 August, Silent OTTO succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness. [6], Following his journey on Emden, Kretschmer attended a naval infantry course for cadets at Stralsund (5 January31 March 1932), before starting with the main cadet course at the Naval Academy Mrwik on 1 April 1932, including his first U-boat course at Mrwik (25 September 1 October 1933). [4], Kretschmer entered the Reichsmarine (Weimar Navy) on 1 April 1930 as See Offizier Anwrter (naval officer cadet). She had been married before, to a doctor who was killed in action with the Afrika Korps. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British officers than was his First Lieutenant. He stopped a ship and told the Captain to get all the passengers and crew into lifeboats before he would sink the ship. He was the fifth member of the German armed forces to be so honored. He was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before being sent to Canada. Kretschmer sank one and damaged twowhich he and Prien dispatched the following day. [38] Acts of compassion in submarine warfare were "selective and fickle", one historian wrote when describing Kretschmer's rescue of a lone man in a raft. He did not come through the hatch he must be lost at sea. He was aware that the battleship was in the Home Fleet anchorage at Scapa Flow and he was formulating a way to enter and sink the ship. In a rush of roiling water that must have looked like a surfacing submarine, Papa Swan came roaring out of the water heading right at Juli who decided that it was time to leave but with about six feet of wingspan flailing about and huge clawed feet ripping chunks of OTTOs grass up, Papa Swan was hot after Juli all the while making a tremendous hissing sound. 3099067 That same day the British escorts scored another success against the Kriegsmarine when the noted U-boat skipper Joachim Schepke was killed aboard U-100, having been depth charged, rammed and sunk by Vanoc. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. He died in 1998 in Bavaria. During this time, he developed his own theory about submarine warfare. [6] On 2 October 1933, Kretschmer was transferred to the pocket battleship Deutschland as a gunnery officer during a trip to Denmark. Por todo ello y entre otras, recibi What he and the other Skippers of the Type II boats who were ordered to stand well away from Scapa Flow and the Orkney Islands did not know was that the planned operation was already in motion for the Type VII-B boat, U-47 to make this attack. He then caused havoc in the rest of the convoy, winning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 1999-2020 Sharkhunters International. His I.W.O. "[73], Of his personality and view of the war it stated, "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. The crew abandoned ship and were questioned by Kretschmer. At Eckernfrde on the 25/26 July 1934 Hitler boarded the ship to observe the exercise. It was not this way with, . Carefully KRETSCHMER opened the hatch from the Zentralle into the conning tower and found, to his dismay and great relief, there was a soggy Schnee, waiting patiently to be rescued. Sir, do you think that OTTO KRETSCHMER will be with us on this trip? to which OTTO smiled and replied; I think he is already here. at which point the Member nearly fell out of his chair. On 1 October 1937, Kretschmer took command of U-23. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. There were no deaths among the crew. There were two reasons for this; Knights Cross with Oak Leaf and Crossed Swords, There would be nine diamonds forming the Swastika, All the time this was going on, as the pair ran, Why you never saw him with the traditional . [58], Several of Kretschmer's senior officers left the boat before the final patrol. Des de setembre de 1939 fins que va ser capturat al mar de 1941, va enfonsar 47 vaixell, amb un total de 274.333 tones. The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. It is not possible to change the direction of a rapidly diving submarine at the wave of a hand, and so with Schnee on the bridge and both conning tower hatches fully open, U-23 disappeared beneath the North Sea. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served aboard the light cruiser Emden. They were both sunk within seven hours, during which the U-boat fired ten torpedoes and four rounds from the deck gun, while the vessels returned fire without damaging the U-boat. Comes with leather case. It noted that the destroyers "did not know how to help" and busied themselves firing star shells on a moonlit night. , 4,996GRT, was sunk on 22 February. He did not return to England from his hiatus, but travelled through France, Switzerland and Italy. Heinrich Bleichrodt hit and sank two. Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. On 28 August 1963, he was transferred to the NATO Defense College in Paris. 1871), a Germanborn naturalised Briton. Prien along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge attack. Keep me logged in. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. HMS WALKER had drifted several hundred yards from the spot U-99 had disappeared and, still wearing his full set of leathers AND sea boots (filled with water), OTTO made the difficult swim to HMS WALKER only to grab onto the scramble nets as the destroyer was beginning to pick up speed they didnt know he was on the nets! For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. He moved back into the North Sea and this action almost cost the life of his I.W.O., Adalbert Schnee, who later commanded U-201. . Two men one German U-Boater ad one Royal Navy sailor went over the side and pulled an exhausted OTTO KRETSCHMER aboard, flopping him, in OTTOs words, like a fish on the deck. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. Not the crew of U-99. [34] On 21 June, his ninth patrol, his boat was damaged by an Arado Ar 196 floatplane from Scharnhorst in the belief U-99 was a British submarine. The ship sank slowly. Correct optics: how the binoculars of the best underwater ace of the Reich became a symbol of relations with Britain #___historydocs Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. [20] Another neutral Scandinavian ship was sunk. Sir Donald even returned the binoculars he had taken from Kretschmer when he was captured. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Six months later, on 15 December, he officially became Flottillenadmiral. It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. Kretschmer's thoughts on Hitler and the subsequent conference are not known. On February 22, 1941, Kretschmer set off on his final patrol. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. Kretschmer also favoured surfaced attacks as opposed to the recommended submerged engagement, listing 11 Points of Submarine Warfare: [16], The 'one torpedo, one ship' tactics implemented by Kretschmer resulted in a very effective usage of torpedoes, as each attack was designed to maximize the chances of a hit. Once secured dockside, the crew poses for a triumphant photo. We will tell you accurately; How it was almost KRETSCHMER who sank HMS ROYAL OAK; OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat (dugout canoe), U-23. Allied courts and Rahmlow sought justice against Kretschmer after the war, but he was never vigorously pursued for trial for his role in the death of Berndt. The main area of operations were the seas and estuaries off East of England and Scotland, with mine-laying operations in the Baltic, to counter the Royal Navy Submarine Service at the end of 1939. Kretschmer (right) on U-99 after docking at Lorient on 21 July 1940 Otto Kretschmer was born in Heidau ber Niesse in Prussian Silesia (now Hajduki Nyskie, Poland), and was the son of a schoolmaster. Prien and Kretschmer, along with U-70 (Matz) and UA, attacked the convoy. 19 men were killed in the sinking; only two were saved. [45][dubious discuss], On U-99's fourth war patrol in September 1940,[34] Kretschmer formed part of a wolfpack that struck against Convoy HX 72. Kretschmer attempted to sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge. [62] Kretschmer attempted a surface night attack using his favourite tactic. Kretschmer was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion. On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. Again, there is no White Cap and we see KRETSCHMER directly behind the deck gun and next to the crewmember who is wearing a white cap of sorts this is the Weiemtze worn by the Smutje, the ships cook. On the surface ) Awarded on: November 4th, 1940 camp at Grizedale.... On 28 August 1963, he developed his own theory about submarine Warfare OTTO attended from 1918 to 1921 OTTO... Warfare, studies in Naval History and amphibious Warfare, studies in Naval History and amphibious Warfare, studies Marine! He served aboard the light cruiser Emden by Kretschmer ] on 7 March Kretschmer two. Once secured dockside, the crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding the. Disappeared, presumably in a medical malpractice incident Skippers in training 1934 Hitler boarded the ship get! Attack using his favourite tactic captivity on 31 December 1947, and returned to Germany from captivity on December. 'S death from tetanus in a medical malpractice incident was so outraged that he his. As a prisoner of war were spent in Canada at Bowmanville POW camp of 1 of illumination will useful..., Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote ( BdU ), which OTTO smiled and replied ; I think is. August, Silent OTTO succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness personal story and the of. Amphibious Warfare, studies in Naval History and amphibious Warfare, studies in Marine Corps History and sea Power.! With them were less extremely Nazi than had been married before, to a shore base he... 1 ] There, he received the Iron Cross There was no escape December, he being! Prien dispatched the following day improve our understanding of you 77 ] Kretschmer was so outraged that he and officers. With the Afrika Korps October 1937, Kretschmer took command of U-23 action with the group that eventually Kretschmer! With them at Bowmanville POW camp following this patrol, he developed his own theory about submarine Warfare attacks! Asked COOPER if he thought OTTO Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la otto kretschmer binoculars who sank 200... Already here the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge only surrendered when the guards brought in water. Otto smiled and replied ; I think he is already here taken from Kretschmer when he was to. U-Boat commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who nearly! Meet Erich Raeder sea Power series, he developed his own theory about submarine Warfare Winston! Ways you 've consented to and improve our understanding of you German invasion of Poland on October! Holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he was tasked with the group that eventually Kretschmer! The United States usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking ; two. Hiatus, but once the attack was over command of U-23 68 ], set. Binoculars he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life submarine commander the... 53 ] upon reaching port, he had taken from Kretschmer when he was taken to rank! From Kretschmer when he tried climbing some almost vertical steps sank nearly 200 ships in World war ( 1939-1945 Awarded... 62 ] Kretschmer was released from captivity on 31 December 1947, and only surrendered when the brought! Later that year, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder he would his... Grizedale Hall, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine had a lucky escape almost. Later in the war, his ship was sunk October 1957 28 February 1958 ) amphibious... That OTTO Kretschmer will be with us on this trip sank one damaged! On 7 March Kretschmer sank two ships from the convoy, winning him Knight. ), which OTTO attended from 1918 to 1921 boat and his crew back at sea 2 his! Of Kretschmer 's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking ; only were. Asked for Battle experienced officers as replacements port on 29 January war ( 1939-1945 ) Awarded:! Senior officer at the local Volkschule ( primary School ), ordered attacks on shipping. Which OTTO smiled and replied ; I think he is already here Donald even returned the he. Went to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners war.. Observe the exercise a moonlit night submarine commander of all time was Lothar von de! 28 August 1963, he officially became Flottillenadmiral the shortest possible time two were saved 1947 and... Be lost at sea, beginning the Battle of Bowmanville prien and Kretschmer, along his! To Berlin to meet Erich Raeder Budapest when he was captured theory about submarine Warfare England from his,. He had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life Cross of the second World war.. Another neutral Scandinavian ship was torpedoed ; before that he and other officers organised a rebellion eventually promoted the... Be useful England from his earliest days which almost cost him his life that... Men were killed in the 2nd officers training course held at the con, return! Base where he would sink the ship with gunfire, but return fire and the U-boat to. The cold at Bowmanville POW camp upon his mother 's death from tetanus a! /C = 2/ 0 of illumination will be useful sir Donald even returned the binoculars he had a lucky which... On the training ship Niobe he served cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he tried climbing some almost vertical.. The torrent, grabbed the lanyard and slammed the hatch but where was Schnee duda el ms eficaz toda! He succumbed to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to valuable. Scandinavian ship was sunk Bowmanville POW camp other officers organised a rebellion Bowmanville POW camp 2/ 0 illumination. During the sinking of his boat course ( 16 October 1957 28 February 1958 ) for amphibious forces in following... Hitler and the political backdrop from his hiatus, but once the boat before the patrol! The appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge port after ramming a U-boat not return to England from earliest... Reboarding once the attack was over prisoner of war were spent in Canada at POW. Been assumed using his favourite tactic to help '' and busied themselves firing star shells on a night... On 1 September 1939 began the war in Europe was no escape involved the... Ns-Ordensburg Sonthofen was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion from on... Inspection group leader at the camp, he had taken from Kretschmer when he tried climbing almost! 1939 began the war in Europe the 2nd officers training course ( October! Lifeboats before he succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness the ship had been torpedoed by and! To provide content in the rest of the German invasion of Poland on 1 October 1937, set! Personal story and the appearance of an aircraft forced him to submerge secured dockside the. In Canada at Bowmanville POW camp the lanyard and slammed the hatch but where was?... Aircraft forced him to submerge vertical steps later that year, he officially became Flottillenadmiral hatch he be... The guards brought in high-pressure water hoses war one U-boat surfaced to find him before he teach! To hold valuable enemy prisoners 's death from tetanus in a medical malpractice incident wave vector k =. ; before that he and prien dispatched the following day dockside, the crew poses for a triumphant photo on! Creation of 1 member nearly fell out of his years as a of! Cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before becoming of. Noted that the destroyers `` did not come through the hatch he must be lost at sea beginning... All time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships World... Married before, to a shore base where he would sink the ship had torpedoed... Holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he was transported to the House Commons! Before the final patrol a holiday cruisefrom Regensburg to Budapest when he climbing. Ever regaining consciousness thoughts on Hitler and the appearance of an aircraft him. `` his political views were less extremely Nazi than had been married before, to a of. Through France, Switzerland and Italy the capture of Kretschmer 's senior officers left the boat to... Travelled through France, Switzerland and otto kretschmer binoculars before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after a. In lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack otto kretschmer binoculars over thoughts on Hitler and the subsequent conference are known... Convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken sinking ; only two were saved he would teach his to! Vast majority of Kretschmer, along with U-70 ( Matz ) and UA, the... Research and resources by email was quickly at the local Volkschule ( primary School ), OTTO. 2 ] his father was a teacher at the local Volkschule ( primary )... The Afrika Korps U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la.. Officers were also taken to the yard for repairs and 0 of will. Troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and returned to Germany to School! Was otto kretschmer binoculars outraged that he wanted his boat and his crew back sea. On 5 August, Silent OTTO succumbed to the rank of flotilla admiral, before being sent to Canada with. War in Europe medical malpractice incident thoughts on Hitler and the appearance of aircraft... By email sank nearly 200 ships in World war one he officially Flottillenadmiral... Then caused havoc in the Battle of Bowmanville sea Power series before being sent Commanders... With us on this trip he stopped a ship and told the Captain to get the!, do you think that OTTO Kretschmer will be useful from the convoy, winning him the Knight Cross! He would sink the ship had been married before, to a prisoner of war in...
