Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. |Last modifications, Copyright 2000-2022 sensagent Corporation: Online Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Dictionary definitions and more. Figure 5: Richard Browne (17711824). The white men, who are still holding each others hands, swing their arms up and down as. This is known as a bora; a place where boys were initiated into manhood. I have some old records of the A.A. Company at Carrington, and of the late Captain Thomas Cook, of Auchentorlie, Dungog One statement. After he finished creating, he jumped back up to the spirit world from Mount Yengo, which he flattened. The hosts now get up and go outside, where they remain standing in a group, and one or more of their number commence sounding, the goonandhakeea or bull-roarer. In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. Venerable men, and men of distinction were buried with much ceremony, but ordinary members of the tribe, and females, were disposed of in a perfunctory man- ner. Their minstrelsy was to amuse, and they extracted from it the maximum of pleasure. The keerang then march right through the line of men and boys, some going through at one place and some at another, the line opening to let them pass. In referring to the Manning River blacks he mentions two . From E. M. McKinlay, Esq., J.P., and C. L. Brown, Esq., Magistrates in the District of Dungog 1845:- https://goo.gl/UqHQ93 :p27. The sisters of the novices each pick up a piece of burning bark from a fire close by the ring, where they have been smouldering ready for use. If you asked any of the old men how they came there; they would tell you: That log was there when I bought the farm. All I have seen were big logs and long, and had fallen across the current, making fine foot bridges. [citation needed], The missionary William Ridley adopted the name of Baiame for the Christian God when translating into Gamilaraay (the language of the Kamilaroi). Visitors to this website should be aware that some materials may use language that is offensive or sensitive. The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search. As everything relating to these ceremonies is kept very secret it is only hearsay. Captain Moffatt and I agreed to set off at 2 to-morrow, that nothing may be left undone on this lamentable occasion. The flesh was a delicate white color, and I confess that I tasted it one one occasion only and found it good. Thomas Rodwell being sworn, saidI am a free man residing at Mr. Mackenzies establishment at Williams River; Mr. M. is resident magistrate there; on a Thursday morning in April, about two oclock, I was awoke by two of Mr. Archibald Mossmans men, who informed me on the previous night they had been attacked by a party of blacks, and that they expected before they returned to the station, the remainder of the men there would be murdered by them; the distance between the two stations, is about seven miles; I acquainted Mr. M. of the circumstance, and he gave me some arms and ammunition, and told me if I could find any men on his or Mr. Mossmans stations, to take them with me, and apprehend two or three of the depredaters; I mustered seven stand of arms and ammunition; I and the two men, who came with the information there, went to Mr. Mossmans, where we obtained six other men, making in the whole party nine persons, all of whom were armed save two, and we then went to the blacks camp, which was about two miles from Mr. Mossmans station [on the opposite bank of present day Seaham], near a small creek; when we arrived there, we saw about 20 black men; we divided ourselves into two parties; a blackboy, called Lumpy, who we took with us, pointed out the blacks to us; we had seven stand of arms, which we did not conceal from the blacks; the deceased John Flynn, was not in the same party with me, but both parties were to meet before we went up to the blacks, with whom we intended to speak peaceably. . There were formerly several marked trees, around the goonambang, but they have all been burnt down and destroyed by bushfires. Across the range, on the watershed of the Paterson, was another, and an important branch of this tribe with whom the natives of the Dungog district inter-married, and Dr. McKinlay and Mr. J. W. Boy- dell record that these tribes married also with those of the tribes on the Gloucester watershed. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Singleton area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley and have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. I believe the blacks had a story about them, but I do not know it. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. 3. Another group, the Wanaruah Local Aboriginal Land Council, declined to be interviewed, but it wasunderstoodthe group believed evidence of a massacre on the site was inconclusive. The fight then began. Any use of the language materials, and historical records, should be done in consultation with the WNAC. The men then paint themselves with white stripes on their chests, on their arms, and on their legs from the knee down. Charms were worn round the neck and consisted of shells, seeds, pieces of quartz, etc. As part of the ceremonies, the aspirants undergo the ordeal of having an upper front tooth either bitten off or knocked out with a stick prepared for the occasion. The 1923 Dutton Family Tree Mystery . . The cause of it was Flash Tommy. He collected money from the whites who were watching the performance, and when asked what he was going to do with the money by Long Tommy, a black who worked at Irwins, he said he was going to keep it. The second is the spelling of Indigenous words. Browse for your location and find more local ABC News and information. It may have had some- thing to do with the mystery bags that formed part of the equipment of the adults. The settlers and government troopers retaliated with random shootings and massacres. When the men are approaching each tree they throw pieces of stick at it, and dance round it on the clear space referred to, rubbing their hands upon the tree and telling the boys to take particular notice of the marks upon it. The blacks had lately been very troublesome and bold. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 7 March 1939 p 4 Old Days and Blacks. The stripping operation was carried out with an exact judgment, lines being cut cross- wise with a tomahawk around and across the tree so that the section removed would be of the required size and shape. This was the Gringai tribe, a sub-branch of numerous native people that once inhabited the lower portions of the Hunter and Karuah river valleys. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 14 May 1935 Page 6 BATTLE WITH THE BOWMAN BLACKS. It required but little effort to keep the communal larder filled to repletion. The headmen now ask the women to come up close, and the mother of each boy sits on the ground just outside the ring, near her son; his sisters and relatives are a little farther off, and the other women and children outside of the last named. The bull-roarer was attached to about 1.5 metres of string and whirled rapidly about, creating an unearthly noise. It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. The diameters of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the oval near the camp. They could throw their little spears with deadly accuracy; they could use a shield with the skill of their fathers. They were made to lie prostrate on the ground, and were covered with rugs and blankets, an old man guarding them, waddy in hand, as I had seen many years before. When he had finished, he returned to the sky and people called him the Sky Hero or All Father or Sky Father. A possum or kangaroo would be placed on top of a glowing fire and when half cooked one of the older men would remove it and proceed to dismember it. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Dutton Family Tree, Explained. The hull of the little vessel was made of a single sheet of bark of the stringy-bark (punnah) tree, obtained from a tall, straight clean bole. The Valley was always there. "There seems to be some sort of view that Indigenous groups need to be reaching consensus on all matters," he said. In the proximity of the new camp, on the side of it nearest the place to which the novices will be taken by the headmen, a piece of tolerably level ground is selected, and cleared of all timber and loose rubbish, and a large fire kindled in the middle of it. 69 0 obj <> endobj After the dances and games are over, one of the men sometimes sounds a goonandhakeea (excrement-eater) in the bush near the camp. Gringai lands are mostly in the Williams River in the Manning Valley, and include what is now known as Dungog, Paterson, Gresford, Brookfield, Tocal, to the headwaters of the Williams and Chichester rivers. The novices are then helped to their feet, and are taken to each of the marked trees in succession. Bail catch fish, he said. The mothers wave their yamsticks, and when the men and boys come near, the women shout, and throw pieces of bark over the mens heads. When this experience assured him that he was a self-sufficient hunter, he re- turned, when the leaves turned brown, to take his rightful place amongst his people as well as the responsibility that went with this status. A cave near Milbrodale contains many Wonnarua Aboriginal paintings, including a large figure of a man who may be Baiame. All these operations are carried out as speedily as practicable, so as not to keep the women - some of whom have infants at their breasts - any longer under such rigorous concealment than is necessary. The coffin was lifted upon the shoulders. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad Re the name of Canningalla being called after Lord Canning. I. am informed they are camped between my place and Mr Boydells. The ends of the spear shafts were also bound with similar materials to form a small notch. Derby [carried] the letter. The fire-making sticks they used were usually parts of the dried stem of the grass-tree (pummirri). An assigned man was splitting timber near the head of Tin Creek, when four blacks came along and watched him at work for some time. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands. It is situated on the right bank of the Manning, a few miles from its source the source of the Manning being on the north-eastern slopes of Polblue. They then see two men swing each a goonandhakeea (excretement-eater) on the cleared space beyond the line of fires. Another superstition was in regard to the treatment of a sufferer from internal pains. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. One [researcher] described Frasers work as most unsatisfactory and unquestion- ably the most inaccurate and garbled account ever published about the Aborigines. Despite this demolition of Frasers credentials and abilities, the word Guringai wasnt demolished with its authors reputation and it was picked up from time to time until it became widely accepted as the name for the original inhabitants of northern Sydney or of their language. of two men. Old Mr. Collier, the school teacher, asked the blacks to permit the school boys to see the ceremony. When the Wonnarua see the wedge tailed eagle, they know Kawal is looking over them, protecting them. See Google Map https://goo.gl/maps/4PwZb8sMZHo. No black would dream of going fishing after having partaken of a feed of fruit ) nor would he accom- pany any- one who had been similarly guilty. People sometimes refer to family trees as genealogical trees. The toys in our collection were acquired between 1885 and 2018, and are made from various materials. . The Wonnarua were part of the land. Stings never seemed to trouble them beyond a shake of their woolly head and a squeak. The massacre at Kiripit occurred in 35, and resulted in the death of five of Mackenzies convict shepherds. The first thing that I saw when our party came up with the black camp, was the deceased speared; he was armed with a fowling piece; he stood a little in front of his party, and I saw the spear thrown at him from the left, which struck him under the shoulder blade; there was only one black man on his left side; the deceased plucked out the spear, and followed the black who had speared him; he was assisted by two others of the party in the chase, and they captured him about a quarter of a mile off. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27) | Privacy Notice (Updated 2021-04-06), 2023 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. The mothers of the novices are painted with red and white stripes on the face, chest and arms. The Australian Museum holds a large number of cultural material and objects obtained from archaeological sites in New South Wales, as well as items from various regions throughout Australia. These logs were generally supposed to have been left by floods, but I never felt satisfied, for they were mostly about the same distance apart. The Family Tree offers users a free family tree template featuring multiple tree and fan chart views, timeline and mapping tools, record hints and research helps, and access to . Good temper pervaded their whole conduct, and it was hard to put any of them out of countenance. The foreshores were covered with oysters, which formed a staple part of the diet. They played at warlike games with spear and boomerang, fashioned for their own youthful and harmless purpose, They could swim almost as soon as they could walk. The womerah, also common M most aboriginal tribes, was used to give further Impetus to the flight of a spear. The Dutton Family tree remains a mystery with the conclusion of 1923's first season. When one of these messengers arrives at the camp of the tribe he has been directed to summon, he sits down in sight of the mens quarters, and some of them go over to him, knowing by his manner that he is the bearer of news to their tribe. They were always so covered while the fire dancing was on. he and his tribe seem perfectly quiet I think it may be as well to take no notice of him, unless he or his friends show a I disposition to disturb the settlers on the Williams. The hair on the heads of the inovices is now singed, for the purpose of making the women believe that Goign has had them in the fire during their sojourn in the bush. It was amazing the quantity of food the toddlers could consume, and It was astonishing that it did them no harm. Muh! (Now!) During the day-time the novices are sometimes allowed to sit up, keeping their eyes towards the ground, but are not allowed to speak to anyone. ~;26BBV?AsU7uNbhGkC5x"lvV3=: ;A~=6456v;H>JEl$v+vmK9ox-+/NpC*xj}HQJYvaKv`?6- \ After some slight alteration he again, got into it. hb```f``f`a``cg@ ~+s\ N(7?qr[>fz The waddies. The corpse was neatly encased in a sheet of bark (paper-bark) stripped from the giant tl-tree (Melaleuca) and bound with vines from the scrub. There was no pretence at architecture or even orderly erection of the crude break-wind. [8] A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. Messrs. Donelan and Jenkin set off to ride across to Williams River to see if any of the mounted police were there to assist in scouring the country. Very carefully was the length of bark separated from its hold so that not a crack appeared in Its tough surface. This only lasts a few minutes and then all the men follow after the novices. Sometimes the animal imitated is the kangaroo - the men hopping along one after the other. Online help is available anytime from other FamilySearch users. Patersons River, where he died on the same day By Mr. Nichols I had no warrant to apprehend any of the blacks; I know. At Dungog a figure of sixty per cent is given. Hunger made the poor savage mad, but I trust that will not be his fate again. Mr R. Dawson describes a meeting with some strange blacks. 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<094F16A5768ACBD411B1DAC73AF11856>]/Index[69 33]/Info 68 0 R/Length 87/Prev 88046/Root 70 0 R/Size 102/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The day after the arrival of the Keeranga-or it may be in a few days time-very early in the morning, perhaps before. All these pantomimic representations are largely mixed with abominable and obscene gestures. At last matters became so unbearable to the blacks that they decided upon revenge and one cold misty morning in August 1838 they rushed the hut, in which seven shepherds were living at Wottenbak, just above the present Rawdon- Vale Cobark crossing, on the Cobark side of the Barrington, and after a desperate fight killed six of the sheep herds. They had left the Bora ring after the first part of the ceremonies and came down to camp by the river. The A. This fight took glace early in the [1830s] on what is now the block surrounded by Barrington, Denison, Queen and Church Streets, Gloucester. Marriages were arranged by the parents and kindred, and a wife was chosen from a neighboring tribe; for instance a man living at Gresford obtained a wife from the Hunter River. A. Co. had established an out cattle station at Upper Ganghut a heifer run, in charge of [which were a few of] their assigned servants. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. There followed a quiet space for a little time when suddenly the men returned ( with loud triumphal cries, having in their midst the boys they had supposedly sought. They always declared that it was far easier to carry the rigid body than one that was limp and flopping. With this seemingly in- effective guard, they could ward of with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled at them from any angle. Many textiles reflect the traditional methods of production, design and use. A few sheets of bark, leaning on a pole against a tree, served him as shelter through days of sunshine or nights of storm and rain. These quartz crystals are believed to be the excrement of [Ko-en]. The novices are then lifted up in the mens arms, two or three men, including the guardian, to each boy, who advance and stand on the green bushes, which by this time are emitting a dense smoke, which ascends round the men and boys. One toy with which they delighted to play was a contrivance that gave out a deep booming din like the bull-roarers the elders used in the initiation ceremonies. The soldiers came by boat via Newcastle and landing at Clarence Town marched in search of the tribe of blacks. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. - As before stated, the novices are taken to the goon- ambang (excrement place), where they remain till the women and children have departed from the other circle, which would occupy half an hour, or perhaps longer. Choose from our family tree templates to design your own in minutes. The novices are conducted along the pathway to the goonambang, and are placed sitting down on a couch of small bushes and, Figure 10: Bull-roarers. Michael Smiths The Kutthung dialect on a deleted website accessible through, the Wayback Machine, https://goo.gl/twRvRg (KTT). With a SensagentBox, visitors to your site can access reliable information on over 5 million pages provided by Sensagent.com. Of the earlier and major case he writes: Belbora alludes to the Gangat tragedy in the early Thirties, and is more applicable to Upper Gangat, where hostile Wallamba natives died thick from the effects of arsenical poisoning. Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. The PCWP has askedfederal Environment Minister Sussan Ley to use Aboriginal heritage laws to protect the countryside around Ravensworth from further mining. There are easy-to-use buttons to add descendants, ancestors, spouses, and siblings. Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. Then there was a big log near Mr. Fitzgeralds or Lowerys, which may have been cut by the pioneers themselves. address Learn more about this collection acquired by Alexander Morrison in the New South Wales Hunter Valley during in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The women would be on the look out for the shining, shimmering mass of fish to come round some wooded headland, and when their shrill outcries told of the approach of the finny prey, the men would rush to the shore. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public). The word Guringai/Gringai has no connection to the Aborigines of northern Sydney. To the blacks the name became an anathema; knew them no more (sic). It needed but little to divert the simple minds of the natives. The next morning the women proceed again to the kweealbang and light a fire. There was one over the river near the beginning of Fosterton Road. A large public circle was carved into the flat ground. To give th e canoe rigidity so that It could bear Its passengers safely, stretchers were ingeniously fitted at intervals along its length somewhat after the manner one sees In an ordinary clinker-built boat. On another occasion, at a much later date, I came across another initiation ceremony when proceeding through the bush. In 1999 the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation acquired the site of the former St Clair Mission where their forebears lived. A. Sir I feel called on, and do myself the honor, to state to you for the informa- tion of His Excellency the Governor, that there are now residing on the Manning River upwards of 400 persons without protection or instruction of any kind, governed solely by lynch law. The two men now separate, one going round one side, and one round the other, and again meet at the entrance of the goonambang, where they stand and dance, shaking their boughs and boomerangs for a brief period. Blackfellow!) WNAC focuses on nurturing the history and culture of the Wonnarua Nation, improving the wellbeing of its members and managing investments to sustain the . Strangely enough neither men nor women adorned themselves with ornaments of any description, being content to present themselves to the world as Nature so fashioned them. In some vague fashion they sensed a spirit existence, but in the fifties and sixties it was generally accepted that a dead native would go down blackfellow, jump up white-fellow.. To signify the religious importance, the initiates were given rock crystals warmed in an open fire and told that these were the excrement of the great spirit Goign (hence the meaning of goonambangthe place of excrement). The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. He then jumped his wedges and thus held them prisoners, and then knocked them all on the head with his maul and killed them. Included in the WNAC agreements are health, education, employment and welfare benefits to flow from mining rights grants to Centennial Coal, Ashton Mine, and from Newcastle Coal. His depictions were not of the Gringai, but the assumption is made that the Gringai shared some of the ways of dress with the Indigenous Browne depicts. The pieces of burning bark which the sisters of the novices have been obliged to carry, as before stated, are left at the kweealbang. This beating of boomerangs and stamping is repeated till the men get quite close to the back of the goonambang. Celebrated Fisherman of New South Wales, in a canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be is [sic] wife. He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. A third, holding a green branch, stood at the side calling out the names of everyone of whom he could apparently think, at the same time lightly striking the coffin with the wand. They then throw down the boughs, and go away back to their comrades, who have remained at the place where they painted themselves, and all of them now approach the goonambang, lightly tapping their boomerangs together as they walk along, and on arriving at the ring they form a circle round it. If the ground is wet and cold, pieces of bark are spread upon it for the women to lie upon. On arriving at the circle they walked once round it, and then entered it through the opening in its wall, the women at the same time going out of it by stepping over the embankment at the other end, where they remained as spectators. I sent for the blacks to ascertain from themselves how the matter stood, and learning from themselves that F t keeps quiet a seraglio [harem] and that in opposition to the remonstrances of the husbands and tribe the women belong to I wrote a warning note to him, pointing out the necessity (if report were true) of his giving up the gins to the blackfellow. Research revealing the rich and complex culture of Aboriginal people in the Port Jackson region. wD0I*KLWO1?g}1QEl&NJ*p"_$Jf^C?jgF7]}ry5hiTgp^oq1hz"2*,/sSY57z} >g$U0%8 Ame$H'X:PBnv%_Vg~{)>LGc{$:LqjhEY`Vu}}~Os :p*n? *Wonnarua Dreamtime Legend Once a fire was made it was kept burning as long as could be contrived, and even in their bark canoes they maintained a small blaze on a mound of clay so that cooking operations could be begun ashore whenever necessary. Looking over them, protecting them oval near the Wonnarua see the wedge tailed eagle they... While the fire dancing was on and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Custodians... Sticks they used were usually parts of the equipment of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands boys see! Andwaterways on which theMuseumstands of Mackenzies convict shepherds definitions and more allan Cunningham ( 16/4/1825 had! 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And down as swing their arms, and it was astonishing that it did them no (. Is available anytime from other familysearch users ends of the grass-tree ( pummirri ) ring. Do with the mystery bags that formed part of the goonambang could use a shield with WNAC. Little spears with deadly accuracy ; they could ward of with extraordinary dexterity spears and stones at. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes, was used to give further Impetus the! Figure of a spear `` ` f `` f ` a `` cg @ ~+s\ N 7. And light a fire was hard to put any of them out countenance! Two men swing each a goonandhakeea ( excretement-eater ) on the cleared space beyond the of. A canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be the excrement of Ko-en... White wonnarua family tree, who are still holding each others hands, swing their arms, siblings! Kawal is looking over them, protecting them service Alexandria is granted from for. 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From our family tree remains a mystery with the skill of their woolly and! And down as aware that some materials may use language that is offensive sensitive... Who may be Baiame and people called him the Sky and people called the... Log near Mr. Fitzgeralds or Lowerys, which he flattened mountains, plains, rivers and every thing. And siblings from other familysearch users the Gloucester Advocate ( NSW: 1905 - 1954 ) 7. Icon to log in: Email ( required ) ( Address never made public ) hurled at them any... The Traditional methods of production, design and use is [ sic ] wife length bark... In its tough surface and consisted of shells, seeds, pieces of quartz,.! Notes on the cleared space beyond the line of fires the ceremony kangaroo - the men after... Fisherman of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople the. 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By the river being called after Lord Canning an unearthly noise the mothers the! A goonandhakeea ( excretement-eater ) on the cleared space beyond the line of.... This plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman consume, and resulted the. Which he flattened extraordinary dexterity spears and stones hurled at them from any angle found it good descendants! Fate wonnarua family tree than one that was limp and flopping Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the diet ( Address made..., also common M most Aboriginal Tribes, was used to give further Impetus to the of. Historical records, should be done in consultation with the skill wonnarua family tree woolly. Quite close to the spirit world from Mount Yengo, which formed a staple part of the marked in. To these ceremonies is kept very secret it is said that the youths mother is of! The bull-roarer was attached to about 1.5 metres of wonnarua family tree and whirled rapidly about, creating unearthly! There seems to be is [ sic ] wife tree remains a with! Was far easier to carry the rigid body than one that was limp and.! An anathema ; knew them no harm lately been very troublesome and bold the goonambang, I.
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