In the second study, drug concentrations in plasma samples were also analyzed using a bioassay. Coccidioidomycosis can be difficult to treat with available therapies, particularly in patients with progressive or disseminated disease. I am interested in supervising PhD dissertations in the areas of: I have supervised a number of successful PhD projects in these areas. The data were reviewed by an independent data review committee (DRC). Three of the fifteen patients in group B and none in group A developed invasive fungal infections (IFIs). GM-CSF enhanced both mono and MDM with VCZ at 0.01 and 0.05 microg ml(-1) in killing Cn to 62% and 86%, and 61% and 84%, respectively. All dosages of Abelcet and conventional amphotericin B tested were equivalent. Clemons, K. V., Miller, T. K., Selitrennikoff, C. P., Stevens, D. A. In this model, intravenous ABLC and AmBi were similarly highly effective, with few clinical signs of infection, 100% survival, and significantly reduced fungal burdens among treated animals. All treatments prolonged survival (P = 0.005) and reduced cfu in brain and spinal cord (P Candida parapsilosis family has 3 proposed species: C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis. In addition, clearance of the infection from both tissues was achieved in none of the rabbits, and neither tissue was cleared of infection in AMB-treated animals. In experimental candidiasis, several manipulations of the immune system, via administration of cytokines, gene deletion or antibodies to cytokines, have been shown to significantly affect survival and fungal clearance in vivo. The revision process started with a meeting of participants in 2003, to decide on the process and to draft the proposal. View details for Web of Science ID 000286214200026. The central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site of dissemination during Aspergillus infection. Little is known about the effect of surfactant-associated proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the interaction of BAM and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Northern blotting analyses indicated that overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2 correlates with resistance, suggesting that the two genes may be coregulated. Infected animals were treated with CAS at various dosages (0.01 to 20 mg/kg) and CFU remaining in the kidneys determined. Alicia Stevens. Liu, M., Machova, E., Nescakova, Z., Medovarska, I., Clemons, K. V., Martinez, M., Chen, V., Bystricky, S., Stevens, D. A. Combining antifungal drugs of different classes may enhance their therapeutic effect. E(2)-regulated clones were sequenced to identify genes and biological function.E(2)-treatment affected gene expression of 550 array elements, with 331 showing up-regulation and 219 showing down-regulation at one or more time points (p0.001). The abilities of subpopulations to survive at high drug concentrations could have in vivo consequences. Significant differences in the ability to grow at 39 and 42 degrees C were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. Lower concentrations of serum also potentiated drug activity. IFN-gamma production by CD-1 spleen cells in response to concanavalin A (Con A, 1microg/ml) was 8-fold greater than that by BALB/c spleen cells. The interaction between inhibitors of components of the fungal cell wall, glucan and chitin, was studied in vitro with the respective synthase enzyme inhibitors LY 303366 and nikkomycin Z. The effect of GM-CSF on cortisone acetate suppression lasted at least 7 days. This suggested a hormonal interaction between female hormones and the etiologic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. View details for Web of Science ID 000174578300002. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.06.005, View details for Web of Science ID 000238967600010. The ethics of killing and saving lives, My research is within the field of moral and political philosophy, in particular I am interested in the proper relationship between conceptions of the good (such as religious and ethical conceptions) read more. To test the hypothesis that the efficacy of HKY- induced protection may be due to the cross-reactive antigens in the cell walls of the different fungi, we studied the effect of HKY against systemic candidiasis. The BALF depleted by a coating of B. dermatitidis lost the ability to inhibit TNF-alpha production (P < 0.05). Areas addressed included fungal biology, immunopathogenesis, insights from animal models, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, the use of new immunologic and genetic techniques in diagnosis, imaging modalities, pharmacology, and treatment approaches. Defining opportunistic invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplants: An international consensus. All tested regimens of posaconazole were equivalent to those of amphotericin B and superior in prolonging survival and reducing CFU to those of itraconazole and caspofungin and to vehicle controls. Kramer, M. R., Marshall, S. E., Denning, D. W., Keogh, A. M., Tucker, R. M., Galgiani, J. N., LEWISTON, N. J., Stevens, D. A., Theodore, J. Clemons, K. V., Schwartz, J. [1] He has been heralded by past curator of natural history at Reading Museum, David Norton, for his approach towards curating, citing that he can be perceived as a "pioneer in seeing museums not as cabinets of curiosities but as places of education and particularly of their localities" after discussing how Stevens refused a chipped off stone fragment from Stonehenge out of concern that it would promote further destruction. 1891. We report here studies which show that escape from growth inhibition is related to the enzymatic transformation of progesterone to polar metabolites. In one patient, fungemia was accompanied by clinical and laboratory evidence of Broviac catheter infection. By complying with the current policies and regulations, the risks from these programs can be minimized. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) production by BAM from BALB/c was significantly less than that from CD-1 in response to co-culture with Bd. > present (Member of the committee for the Wellcome Trust Society Awards) and [????] The main strength of these expeditions was the recording of architecture: the plans of the DOG, in particular, are detailed, and in attempting to record how human activity impacted upon buildings, they often bridge the gap between architectural and archaeological plans (Borchardt and Ricke, 1980). New possibilities in therapy produced plans for managing diverse clinical presentations. > present (Member of the Longitude Prize Committee), [????] Five patients received therapy for >or= 12 months. Other groups included conventional amphotericin B (1 mg/kg), Abelcet at 10 or 12 mg/kg or 5% dextrose water (diluent control).All controls died and all treatment regimens significantly prolonged survival. View details for Web of Science ID A1987L150800003, View details for Web of Science ID A1977DC47300023, View details for Web of Science ID A1977DK44100032, View details for Web of Science ID A1974R882300002, Rhoda Benham Medal, Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (1999), Outstanding Achievement in Medicine Award, Santa Clara County Medical Association (2003), Lucille Georg Medal, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (2006), Charles E. Smith Memorial Award, Coccidioidomycosis Study Group (2006), Department: Medicine - Med/Infectious Diseases, California Institute for Medical Research, Susceptibility of Candida albicans from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Three other patients with indistinguishable isolates were epidemiologically related in that two were practitioners in the same clinic and the third was a patient at this clinic. (Medical school lecturer of Anatomy) and [????] Average SD bioavailability after a single oral dose was 60.7% 16.5. Safety was evaluated on the basis of the occurrence of adverse events. Surgical treatment is definitive but many patients are ineligible. [2] His body was moved to St Mary Borne where he was buried next to his wife Mary who had died in 1874. In 1995 I took part in my first major cruise, six weeks in the South Atlantic on theWOCEcruiseA23. View details for PubMedID 17071553, View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780600810040, View details for Web of Science ID 000242552000003. GM-CSF reversed the effect of DEX on I kappaB levels. Risk factors for and symptoms in infants with M. pachydermatis fungemia appeared to be similar to those described for Malassezia furfur sepsis. My main teaching contributions are within the areas of: 3. [1][4], In 1882, before official appointment as Honorary Curator, Stevens recorded The Bland Collection, a large eclectic collection, donated by Horatio Bland, merchant and artefact collector. Chiller, T., Farrokhshad, K., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A. Oral therapy with the new, antifungal agent itraconazole was successful in five of the six patients, with fatal relapse in one. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500220498, View details for Web of Science ID 000235382600007. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible." Thus, the choice of which animal model to use must be made carefully, addressing issues of the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow and collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions being asked. [1], Stevens lived in Reading until his death on 7 April 1899. In these studies we assessed the utility of recombinant human MBL (rhMBL) as a therapeutic against experimental C. albicans vaginitis. 1,3-beta-Glucan was a good stimulator of BAM for TNF-alpha production and was detected on B. dermatitidis by IFA. Since IL-12 was poorly tolerated, a new protocol for infected mice, IL-12 0.1 or 0.3 microg, every other day, resulted in minimal toxicity; almost all treated mice survived (P<0.002 vs. controls). "With just one profound discovery, mankind's entire story could change," so said Megan Fox in . Intravenous therapy should be used initially in rapidly progressing disease (BIII). We have recently noted tracheobronchitis in six patients with heart-lung and lung transplants, three of whom had deep mucosal ulceration and histologic evidence of invasive aspergillosis. Elevated levels of MMP-9 were detectable by day 3, continued to increase through day 10, and declined by day 15 after infection. Endothelial cell activation (ICAM-1 and P-selectin in cerebral capillaries) occurred during infection. At high drug concentrations in plasma samples were also analyzed using a bioassay [. 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