hurricane betsy vs katrina

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.021. Newsletter Lynne M. Mofenson, Jennifer Requejo, Danzhen You, Chewe Luo, and Stefan Peterson. This 1.5 million figure is of course not completely illustrative today because overall enrollment numbers are expected to have grown since 2010. Systems must be redesigned to support students’ and teachers’ social and emotional learning. “Inequality in Reading and Math Skills Forms Mainly Before Kindergarten: A Replication, and Partial Correction, of ‘Are Schools the Great Equalizer?’” Sociology of Education 91, no. The institutions that create education policy and practice must make many changes to ensure that schools teach and reward the development of cognitive and socioemotional skills. Petway II, Kevin T., Meghan W. Brenneman, and Patrick C. Kyllonen Kyllonen. The baseline operating status of the education system in the United States before the pandemic had severe problems with regard to equity. Student Absenteeism: Who Misses School and How Missing School Matters for Performance. 58. See Darling-Hammond et al. The data about food insecurity is backed up by news reports showing record levels of visits to food banks during the early part of the pandemic and the shortage of resources to meet the demand for food. U.S. Department of Education. The Council of Chief State School Officers explains that the costs associated with opening schools safely under appropriate health and safety protocols would add up to about $30 billion across all schools (CCSSO 2020). Mellott, and P. Ochwo. Menas, Amanda. Save the Children. Despite the fact that we do not know exactly how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting children’s needs and academic performance, we know enough from existing research on learning during somewhat comparable educational experiences, and from news and observations of how education is being produced during the crisis, to assess the likely consequences on educational outcomes both overall and for relatively disadvantaged subgroups. Even the most well-trained teacher when it comes to online instruction won’t be effective if his or her students are not online and following instruction. 2015). Economic Policy Institute, March 17, 2020. Cooper, Harris, Barbara Nye, Kelly Charlton, James Lindsay, Scott Greathouse. Some strategies aim at promoting cognitive, emotional, and social development through structured, meaningful, and creative activities in a school setting or in informal learning spaces that replace the unavailable traditional schools. Even if they don’t lose their jobs, some workers and virtually all essential workers don’t have access to work remotely (following the traditional racial/SES inequities). Privacy Policy • Contact Us. 23. Grady, Sarah. In closing, the ultimate consequences of the pandemic for K–12 education in the United States will indeed be a function of the quality, intensity, and comprehensiveness of our response to counter the pandemic’s negative lasting effects. Specifically during crises arising from war, conflicts, natural disasters, and pandemics, children are displaced often as homes, neighborhoods, and schools are destroyed—and this may threaten survival or inflict some level of trauma upon children.29 A certain level of preparedness is critical in order to provide an effective response at the onset of a crisis, and to “prepare, cope, and recover” (UN IASC 2007, 2015; Anderson 2020; Azzi-Hucktigran and Shmis 2020). In Miami-Dade, one of the most diverse school districts in the country, instructions for families are provided in English, Spanish, and Creole. In fact, early indicators are that this public health crisis will pose enormous challenges for states and local governments, those responsible for over 90% of the school systems’ revenue.41 Moreover, we entered this crisis in a more difficult position than in the Great Recession (based on a comparison with what we learned from the 2009 federal stimulus, and from the fact that about half of the states as of 2016 had yet to return to the level of per-student spending that they had attained prior to the Great Recession).42, With state budgets at historic crisis levels and the economy continuing to struggle,43 the prevailing narrative will likely be an even more severe version of “we can’t afford that” than what we experienced in the aftermath of the Great Recession. 59. 2020. A strengthened system based on meeting children where they are and providing them with what they need will be key to lifting up children. Gould, Elise, and Heidi Shierholz. 2020. Learning Policy Institute, September 2018. (COVID-19 & Education Webinar: Join us Wednesday for a discussion on this report, including opening remarks from Randi Weingarten, the president of the 1.7 million-member American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, about the state of COVID-19 and education and what needs to be done now to support educators and mitigate the damage to student performance, especially the most vulnerable children. UNESCO, UNICEF, World Bank, World Food Programme, and UNHCR. 2019. Increased incidences of abuse due to confinement, stress, and lack of access to outside support further affirm the urgency of addressing the stressors that are affecting families and, in turn, their children’s development and ability to learn (Stratford 2020; Greeley 2020; Tolerance Trauma 2020). See Goldstein 2020b. Atteberry, Allison, and Andrew McEachin. 2015. 2020. (Idele et al. A world leader in geography, cartography and exploration. 2020. “When the Saints Go Marching Out: Long-Term Outcomes for Student Evacuees from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4, no. The COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated the well-documented opportunity and enrichment gaps that put low-income students at a disadvantage relative to their better-off peers. Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K 2010–2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.011. School districts and the broader education system must prioritize diagnostic- and curriculum-embedded assessments, pausing or waiving upcoming state and other performance assessments to allow teachers to meet students where they are. 2020. 2019. A Trauma-Informed Approach to Teaching Through Coronavirus. See ASI 2020; CPCC, The Education Trust, NEA 2020; Duflo 2020; Brookings Institution 2020. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Recession on Teaching Positions.” Learning Policy Institute Blog, April 30, 2020. 60. Bauer (2020) estimates that there were almost 14 million children living in a household characterized by child food insecurity during the week of June 19–23, 2020, “5.6 times as many as in all of 2018 (2.5 million) and 2.7 times as many as during peak of the Great Recession in 2008 (5.1 million).”32. More frequent use of social media is negatively correlated with grade point averages (GPA), academic performance, and hours per week spent studying (Junco 2012; Karpinski et al. Institute of Education Sciences (IES), U.S. Department of Education. Teaching and Leading Through a Pandemic: Key Findings from the American Educator Panels Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surveys, RAND Corporation. Walsh, Jeremy J., Joel D. Barnes, Jameason D. Cameron, Gary S. Goldfield, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Katie E. Gunnell, Andrée-Anne Ledoux, Roger L. Zemek, and Mark S. Tremblay. July 2020. 2020). 2020. The Pandemic Sparked More Appreciation for Teachers, but Will It Give Them a Voice in Education and Their Working Conditions? 48. Creativity is another skill that likely is serving children well during this crisis: Students who find new ways to keep themselves engaged and to make forced isolation productive are benefiting, while their peers who are easily bored are losing ground. Market Watch, July 24, 2020. Starr, Joshua. 50. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned. “Variation in COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Deaths Across New York City Boroughs.” JAMA Network Research Letter, April 29, 2020. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2765524. 2013. 2020. For a recent discussion, see Cookson 2020. “Formative Assessment in the Age of Covid: How Can Practitioners Apply Evidence-based Assessment Practices to Today’s Challenges?” (panel discussion video: moderator: Joshua Starr; panelists: Paul Zinni, Melissa Spadin, Kristin Huff, Lauren Merkley, Utah Teacher of the Year 2020). They find that the search intensity had roughly doubled relative to baseline. Principals reported that students who were displaced were judged more likely than students in the control groups to engage in negative behaviors, such as fighting, violating school rules, arguing, bullying, playing in isolation, and eating in isolation, and more likely to need mental health counseling; they were also judged less likely to engage in positive behaviors, such as participating in before- or after-school clubs or activities, school-sponsored social events outside the school day, or sports teams (Pane et al. As a fictional work, this novel is used by the author to describe what could have or may have happened in the events of Hurricane Katrina. Continued provision of education is expected to support both learning and the psychosocial well-being of both students and educators (Anderson 2020). These underlying factors could be particularly relevant in the current crisis. A closer look reveals an additional story about race, class, and identity. The school shutdowns and economic crisis caused by the pandemic are exposing and exacerbating these challenges. 2003. Chart adapted from Figure A in García and Weiss 2018. 2009. https://doi.org/10.26300/kahb-5v62. Participants: Congresswoman Suzanne Bonamici, John King, Lily Eskelsen Garcia, Beatriz Beckford. This was the second husband that Ivory Mae buried and she vowed to never marry again. As this correlation between days absent and declining test scores indicates, there also seems to be a point after which the disadvantage becomes much larger. In The Great Deluge, bestselling author Douglas Brinkley finds the true heroes of this unparalleled catastrophe, and lets the survivors tell their own stories, masterly allowing them to record the nightmare that was Katrina. Policy Brief. In other words, teaching and assessing children needs to be done within a framework that understands that each child may have learned differently and may have learned different things. It notes that nearly one in five African American children and a slightly greater share of children in low-income households have no access to the internet at home (Tinubu Ali and Herrera 2020). https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654318759268. 2020. Bueno, Carycruz. Donate. 2020. (2020) discuss this framework as informed by evidence from the science of learning and development. Educ. While we do not know the exact impacts, we do know that children’s academic performance is deteriorating during the pandemic, along with their progress on other developmental skills. “The Messy Reality of Personalized Learning: Untangling the Mixed Record of the Latest Big-Fix Educational Trend Promoted by Silicon Valley.” The New Yorker, July 10, 2019. This societal reimagination certainly encompasses a reimagination of our education system. 2018. This plan will require substantial amounts of resources and strong collaboration and effort. “Absenteeism Matters to Schools and Students.” Phi, Delta, Kappan. First, many more resources are devoted to home-schooled children, so they would be expected to perform higher, all else equal. “Social networks” includes the use of digital devices out of school for chatting online and for social networks (for example, Facebook); “Surfing” includes browsing the internet for fun videos (e.g., YouTube) and for downloading music, films, games or software from the Internet; “Emailing” includes using email; “Seeking information” includes reading news on the internet and obtaining practical information from the internet; “Games” includes playing one-player games and playing collaborative online games; “School work” references browsing the internet for school work (e.g., for preparing an essay or presentation, following up on lessons, downloading or uploading or browsing material from a school's website, and doing homework on a computer; and “Group communication” includes the use of digital devices out of school for  communication with other students about school work or for communication with teachers and submission of assignments. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X16677965. On average, students advance in their academic performance by between about 0.3 standard deviations (SD) and 0.5 SD to 0.7 SD per year, depending on their age and subject/skill (OECD 2009; own analysis based on NCES 2010–2011).3 The 2019–2020 school year was cut by at least one third relative to its normal length, which, assuming linear increments in growth over the year and no major other obstacles, suggests a loss of at least 0.1 SD across the board, and larger in earlier grades. Going forward, the education system must better balance what we teach, how we teach it, and how we reward the full range of skills that matter for and define a child’s development and education. Cluver, Lucie, Jamie M. Lachman, Lorraine Sherr, Inge Wessels et al. Cuomo.” New York Daily News, May 17, 2020. 2020. Historically, there is strong agreement that in these circumstances, having access to education (versus not having access) leads “to a range of positive outcomes including child protection and well-being, economic development, peace building, and reconstruction” (Burde et al. Cookson Jr., P.W. COVID-19 Planning Considerations: Guidance for School Re-entry Critical Updates on COVID-19, Clinical Guidance. Katrina was a catastrophe deeply rooted in the politics and culture of the city that care forgot and of a nation that forgot to care. In Breach of Faith, Jed Horne has created a spellbinding epic of one of the worst disasters of our time. Initiatives that have been rigorously evaluated show that it is critical both to identify the specific reason(s) why a student is missing school and to respond with targeted, relevant supports.9 This point is particularly relevant in the current context, in which so many students are frequently absent for a variety of reasons that may be difficult for teachers and schools to know or address. Locations worldwide data suggests that students ( and teachers ) be familiar and proficient their... Found insideThe homes that flooded belonged to Louisianans Black and white, rich and the poor: New Times... Can access online instruction and the poor: New evidence and Possible Explanations. ” Whither. Institutions in the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, July 2015 IASC Task Team on Preparedness November! ; Duckworth and Yeager 2015 ; Rothstein 2004 ; and our own work on Education the. Have limited knowledge about how to Stop Magical Thinking in School emergency,! Stacy B. 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